Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gutera inshinge?
Gutera inshinge ni inzira yo gukora ikubiyemo gutera ibintu bishongeshejwe mu cyuho kugira ngo bitange ishusho yifuza.Gutera inshinge birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, nkibice bya plastiki, ibyuma, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, nibindi byinshi.Ariko, ntabwo ibikoresho byose bibereye kubumba inshinge.Tuzaganira ku bwoko bwibikoresho byo gutera inshinge nibiranga, ibyiza, nibibi.
Ubwoko bwibikoresho byo gutera inshinge
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho byo gutera inshinge, ariko birashobora gushyirwa mubice bine: thermoplastique, thermosets, elastomers, hamwe nicyuma.
Thermoplastique
Thermoplastique ni ibikoresho bishobora gushonga inshuro nyinshi bigakomera no gushyushya no gukonjesha.Nubwoko busanzwe bwibikoresho byo gutera inshinge, bingana na 80% byisoko.Thermoplastique ifite imiterere ihindagurika, iramba, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa.Ingero zimwe za thermoplastique ni:
- Polyethylene (PE): Ibikoresho bihenze bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya imiti, ubushuhe, n'ingaruka.Irakoreshwa cyane mubipakira, ibikoresho, ibikinisho, n'imiyoboro.
- Polypropilene (PP): Ibikoresho bifite ubukana bwinshi, imbaraga, hamwe nubushyuhe.Ikoreshwa mubice byimodoka, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikoresho, nibikoresho.
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): Ibikoresho bifite amashanyarazi meza, kutagira umuriro, hamwe nubushyuhe.Ikoreshwa mu nsinga z'amashanyarazi, imiyoboro, ibikoresho, na etage.
- Polystirene (PS): Ibikoresho bifite ubusobanuro bwiza, gukomera, no guhagarara neza.Ikoreshwa mubikombe bikoreshwa, amasahani, ibikoresho, hamwe no gupakira.
- Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS): Ibikoresho bifite imbaraga zingirakamaro, gukomera, no kurangiza hejuru.Ikoreshwa mu nzu, ingofero, ibikinisho, n'ibikoresho bya muzika.
- Nylon: Ibikoresho bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya abrasion, kwambara birwanya, hamwe nubukanishi.Ikoreshwa mubikoresho, ibyuma, ibihuru, hamwe na feri.
Thermosets
Thermosets ni ibikoresho bigira imiti iyo bishyushye kandi bigakora imiterere ihoraho idashobora gusubirwamo cyangwa guhinduka.Thermosets ifite ubushyuhe buhanitse, irwanya imiti, nimbaraga za mashini.Ingero zimwe za thermosets ni:
- Epoxy: Ibikoresho bifite gufatana neza, kubika amashanyarazi, no kurwanya ruswa.Ikoreshwa mu gutwikira, gufatira, kumurika, no guhimba.
- Fenolike: Ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, kutagira umuriro, no gukomera.Ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi, socket, amacomeka, hamwe na handles.
- Polyester: Ibikoresho bifite imiterere ihindagurika, iramba, hamwe nikirere.Ikoreshwa mubwato, imibiri yimodoka, tank, hamwe nu miyoboro.
- Urea formaldehyde: Ibikoresho bifite igiciro gito, gukomera cyane, hamwe no guhagarara neza.Byakoreshejwe kuri knobs, buto,
ibikoresho, n'ibikoresho.
Elastomers
Elastomers nibikoresho bishobora kuramburwa cyangwa guhagarikwa hanyuma bigasubira muburyo bwambere iyo imbaraga zavanyweho.Elastomers ifite ubuhanga bukomeye,
kwihangana, no guhungabana. Ingero zimwe za elastomers ni:
- Silicone: Ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe buhebuje, birwanya ozone, hamwe na biocompatibilité.Bikoreshwa kuri kashe, gaseke, igituba, nibikoresho byubuvuzi.
- Rubber: Ibikoresho bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya abrasion, kurwanya umunaniro, no guhindagurika kunyeganyega.Bikoreshwa mumapine, umukandara, ingofero, na gromets.
- Thermoplastique elastomers (TPEs): Ibikoresho bihuza imiterere ya thermoplastique na elastomers. Irashobora gutunganywa nka thermoplastique, ariko ikagira imiterere ihindagurika kandi yoroheje ya elastomers.Bikoreshwa mugufata, bumper, matel, na kashe.
Ibyuma
Ibyuma ni ibikoresho bifite umuvuduko mwinshi, ubucucike, hamwe no gushonga.Bisanzwe baterwa mubibumbano hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye bwitwa icyuma cyo gutera inshinge (MIM) .MIM ikubiyemo kuvanga ifu yicyuma na binders kugirango ikore ibiryo bishobora guterwa muri a ibumba. Igice kibumbabumbwe noneho gishyuha kugirango gikureho binders hanyuma kigacumura kugirango kibe igice cyicyuma cyinshi.MIM irashobora gutanga imiterere igoye ifite ibisobanuro bihanitse, birangiye hejuru, hamwe nubukanishi. Ingero zimwe zibyuma bishobora gukoreshwa kuri MIM ni:
- Ibyuma bitagira umwanda: Ibikoresho bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, imbaraga, no gukomera.Bikoreshwa mubikoresho byo kubaga, gutera amenyo, imitako, n'amasaha.
- Titanium: Ibikoresho bifite imbaraga nyinshi-zingana, bio-guhuza, hamwe no kurwanya ubushyuhe.Bikoreshwa mubigize ikirere, ibikoresho bya siporo, gutera amenyo, nibikoresho byubuvuzi.
- Icyuma: Ibikoresho bifite igiciro gito, ibintu bya magnetique, hamwe no kwambara birwanya.Bikoreshwa mubice byimodoka, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho, hamwe na moteri.
Umwanzuro
Gutera inshinge ninzira zinyuranye zishobora kubyara ibicuruzwa bitandukanye ukoresheje ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho.Buri bwoko bwibikoresho bufite umwihariko wabwo,
ibyiza, hamwe nibibi.Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye kubisabwa byihariye no kubishushanya.Gushushanya inshinge birashobora kandi guhuzwa nibindi bikorwa, nko gushiramo ibishushanyo, kubumba, hamwe no gutera inshinge, kugirango ukore ibintu byinshi cyangwa ibicuruzwa byamabara menshi.Gushushanya inshinge nuburyo bwihuse, bukora neza, kandi buhendutse bwo gukora ibicuruzwa byiza.
Gutera inshinge ni iki?
Gutera inshinge ni uburyo bwo gukora butanga ibice bya pulasitike utera ibikoresho bishongeshejwe.Inzira igizwe nibyiciro bine byingenzi: gufunga, gutera inshinge, gukonjesha no gusohora.
Gufata: Ifumbire igizwe n'ibice bibiri, bita cavity na core, bifatanye nigice gifata.Igice cya clamping gifata ifumbire ifunze munsi yigitutu mugihe cyo gutera inshinge.Imbaraga zifatika ziterwa nubunini nuburyo imiterere yikigice, kimwe nibikoresho byakoreshejwe.
Gutera inshinge: Ibikoresho bya pulasitike, mubisanzwe muburyo bwa pellet cyangwa granules, bigaburirwa muri barri ishyushye, aho bishonga bikavangwa numuyoboro uzunguruka.Imigozi nayo ikora nka plunger, igasunika plastike yashongeshejwe mukibumbano ikoresheje umunwa.Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge, umuvuduko nubushyuhe bigenzurwa kugirango ibikoresho byuzuze neza kandi neza.
Gukonjesha: plastike yashongeshejwe imbere yububiko itangira gukonja no gukomera, ifata ishusho yigice.Igihe cyo gukonjesha biterwa nubunini na geometrie yikigice, kimwe nibintu bifatika.Muri iki cyiciro, ifumbire ikomeza gufungwa kandi munsi yigitutu kugirango wirinde kugabanuka cyangwa guhinduka.
Gusohora: Igice kimaze gukonja bihagije, ifumbire irakingurwa kandi igice gisohorwa nuburyo bwitwa sisitemu yo gusohora.Sisitemu yo gusohora irashobora kuba pin, blade cyangwa indege zo mu kirere zisunika igice kiva mubibumbano.Igice noneho kivanwa mumashini hanyuma kigenzurwa ubuziranenge.
Gutera inshinge ninzira zinyuranye kandi zinoze zishobora kubyara ibice bigoye kandi byujuje ubuziranenge kubwinshi hamwe n’imyanda mike.Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye, nk'imodoka, ubuvuzi, ibicuruzwa, abaguzi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'ibindi.
Ni ubuhe kamaro n'uruhare rw'ibikoresho byo gutera inshinge?
Gutera inshinge ninzira ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bishobora kubyara ibice bya plastike bifite imiterere igoye kandi neza.Gutera inshinge bikubiyemo gutera plastike yashongeshejwe mu cyuho, aho ikonje kandi igakomera muburyo bwifuzwa.Ububiko bwububiko busanzwe bukozwe mubyuma cyangwa ceramic, kandi birashobora gushushanywa kubyara ibice byinshi icyarimwe.
Akamaro n'uruhare rwo kubumba inshinge ni ngombwa mu nganda nyinshi, nk'imodoka, ubuvuzi, icyogajuru, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n'ibindi.Gutera inshinge birashobora gutanga inyungu nyinshi, nka:
- Umusaruro mwinshi: Gutera inshinge birashobora kubyara ibice byinshi mugihe gito, hamwe n imyanda mike.Imashini zibumba inshinge zirashobora gukora ubudahwema, kandi zirashobora kwikora kugirango zigabanye ibiciro byakazi namakosa yabantu.
- Ubwiza buhanitse kandi buhoraho: Gutera inshinge birashobora gutanga ibice bifite uburinganire buringaniye kandi burangije hejuru, kimwe nibintu bimwe nibikorwa.Guhindura inshinge birashobora kandi kugabanya inenge no gutandukana mubicuruzwa byanyuma, mugenzura ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'umuvuduko wibikorwa byo gutera inshinge.
- Igishushanyo mbonera: Guhindura inshinge birashobora gutanga ibice bifite geometrike igoye, ibisobanuro birambuye, n'amabara menshi cyangwa ibikoresho.Gutera inshinge birashobora kandi kwakira impinduka mugushushanya cyangwa ibisobanuro byibice, muguhindura umwobo wububiko cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho bya plastiki bitandukanye.
- Ikiguzi-cyiza: Gutera inshinge birashobora kugabanya igiciro rusange cyumusaruro, mukugabanya imikoreshereze yibikoresho, kugabanya inteko no kurangiza ibikorwa, no kongera igihe nubuzima bwibice.
Gutera inshinge ninzira zinyuranye kandi zizewe zinganda zishobora kuzuza ibisabwa ninganda zitandukanye.Ariko, gutera inshinge nabyo bifite imbogamizi nimbogamizi, nka:
- Ishoramari ryambere ryambere: Gutera inshinge bisaba ikiguzi cyo hejuru mugushushanya no gukora cavite yububiko, kimwe no kugura no kubungabunga imashini ibumba inshinge.Ububiko bubumbabumbwe busanzwe kuri buri gice, kandi burashobora kuba buhenze kandi butwara igihe kugirango butange umusaruro.
- Guhitamo ibikoresho bike: Gutera inshinge birashobora gusa gukoresha ibikoresho bya termoplastique bishobora gushonga no gutemba munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu.Bimwe mubikoresho bya thermoset cyangwa ibikoresho byinshi ntibishobora kuba bibereye guterwa inshinge, cyangwa birashobora gusaba inyongeramusaruro cyangwa imiti idasanzwe kugirango ibashe guhinduka.
- Ingaruka ku bidukikije: Kubumba inshinge birashobora kubyara imyanda myinshi n’ibyuka bihumanya mugihe cyo gushonga no gukonjesha ibikoresho bya plastiki.Gutera inshinge birashobora kandi kubyara imyanda ya pulasitike ivuye mubintu birenze urugero bisohoka mu cyuho cyangiritse cyangwa bigakorwa ku mpande z'igice.Ibyo bikoresho by'imyanda bigomba gutunganywa cyangwa kujugunywa neza, kugirango bigabanye ingaruka z’ibidukikije.
Gutera inshinge ninzira igoye kandi ifite imbaraga zisaba gutegura neza, gushushanya, no gukora neza.Abashinzwe gutera inshinge bakeneye gusuzuma ibintu byinshi, nka:
- Guhitamo ibikoresho: Guhitamo ibikoresho bya pulasitike bigira ingaruka kumiterere, imikorere, isura, nigiciro cyigice cyanyuma.Ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bigomba guhuza n'ibisabwa mumikorere y igice, ibidukikije, ubwiza, nigihe kirekire.Ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bigomba kandi kugira umuvuduko mwiza, gutuza, kugabanuka, no guhuza nu mwobo.
- Igishushanyo mbonera: Igishushanyo cyururondogoro rugena imiterere, ingano, ubwiza, hamwe nuburemere bwigice cyanyuma.Umuyoboro wububiko ugomba kugira uburyo buhagije bwo guhumeka, gukonjesha, gusohora, no gufunga sisitemu, kugirango inzira yatewe neza kandi neza.Umuyoboro wububiko ugomba kandi kugira inguni zikwiye, uburebure bwurukuta, kwihanganira, hamwe nubuso burangirira, kugirango wirinde inenge nubumuga mubice byanyuma.
- Ibipimo bitunganijwe: Igenamiterere ryibikorwa byo gutera inshinge bigira ingaruka kumyitwarire, umuvuduko ukonje, gukwirakwiza umuvuduko, hamwe no gutondekanya ibintu bya plastiki.Ibipimo byibikorwa bigomba guhindurwa kugirango huzuzwe ibyuzuzwa, gupakira, gufata, gukonjesha, no gusohora ibyiciro byo gutera inshinge.Ibipimo byimikorere bigomba kandi gukurikiranwa no kugenzurwa kugirango bikomeze kandi bihamye mubicuruzwa byanyuma.
Gutera inshinge ninzira ikomeye kandi izwi cyane yo gukora ishobora gukora ibice byiza bya plastike bifite imiterere ninshingano zitandukanye.Gutera inshinge bigira uruhare runini mu nganda nyinshi zishingiye ku bicuruzwa bya pulasitike kugirango bikore kandi byunguke.Gutera inshinge nabyo ni inzira igoye kandi ihindagurika isaba guhora udushya no gutera imbere kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byifuzo byabakiriya.
