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Yavuguruwe ku ya 5 Ugushyingo 2022
1. Igipimo cyo kugabanuka
Imiterere no kubara kugabanuka kwa thermoplastique kugabanuka nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ibintu bigira ingaruka ku kugabanuka kwa thermoplastique ni ibi bikurikira:
1.1 Ubwoko bwa plastike Mugihe cyo kubumba ibintu bya termoplastike, bitewe nihindagurika ryijwi ryatewe na kristu, guhagarika umutima imbere, guhangayikishwa cyane n’ibisigara byahagaritswe mu gice cya plastiki, hamwe n’icyerekezo gikomeye cya molekile, igipimo cyo kugabanuka kiri hejuru y’icya plastiki ya termosetting.Byongeye kandi, kugabanuka nyuma yo kubumba, kugabanuka nyuma yo kuvura annealing cyangwa ubuhehere bivura ubusanzwe ni binini kuruta ibya plastiki ya termosetting.
1.2 Ibiranga ibice bya pulasitike Iyo ibintu bishongeshejwe bihuye hejuru yu mwobo, igice cyo hanze gihita gikonja kugirango kibe igikonjo gito.Bitewe nubushyuhe buke bwumuriro wa plastiki, igice cyimbere cyigice cya plastiki gikonjeshwa buhoro buhoro kugirango kibe umubyimba mwinshi cyane kandi ugabanuka.Kubwibyo, uburebure bwurukuta, gukonjesha buhoro, hamwe nubucucike bwurwego rwinshi bizagabanuka cyane.Byongeye kandi, kuba cyangwa kutaboneka kwinjizwamo hamwe nimiterere nubunini bwinjizamo bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye icyerekezo cyibintu bigenda, gukwirakwiza ubwinshi no kugabanuka kugabanuka, bityo ibiranga ibice bya plastike bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubunini no ku cyerekezo cyo kugabanuka.
1.3 Ibintu nkuburyo, ingano nogukwirakwiza ibiryo byinjira bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye icyerekezo cyibintu bigenda, gukwirakwiza ubwinshi, kugaburira igitutu nigihe cyo kubumba.Icyambu cyo kugaburira mu buryo butaziguye hamwe n’icyambu cyo kugaburira hamwe n’ibice binini byambukiranya (cyane cyane ibice byambukiranya igice) bifite kugabanuka gato ariko icyerekezo kinini, kandi icyambu kigari kandi kigufi cyo kugaburira gifite icyerekezo gito.Hafi yicyambu cyo kugaburira cyangwa ugereranije nicyerekezo cyibintu bitemba, kugabanuka ni binini.
1.4 Imiterere yubushyuhe Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe buri hejuru, ibintu byashongeshejwe bikonja buhoro, ubucucike buri hejuru, kandi kugabanuka ni binini, cyane cyane kubintu bya kristaline, kugabanuka ni binini kubera kristu nini kandi ihinduka ryinshi.Ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe bwububiko naryo rifitanye isano no gukonjesha imbere n’inyuma hamwe nuburinganire bwuburinganire bwa plastike, bigira ingaruka kuri
Ihindura ingano nicyerekezo cyo kugabanuka kwa buri gice.Byongeye kandi, gufata umuvuduko nigihe nabyo bigira uruhare runini mukugabanuka, kwikuramo ni bito ariko icyerekezo ni kinini mugihe igitutu ari kinini kandi igihe ni kirekire.Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge ni mwinshi, itandukaniro ryubwiza bwibintu byashongeshejwe ni bito, impagarara zoguhuza intera ni nto, kandi kugaruka kwa elastike nyuma yo kumeneka ni binini, bityo kugabanuka kurashobora kugabanuka uko bikwiye, ubushyuhe bwibintu buri hejuru, kugabanuka ni binini , ariko icyerekezo ni gito.Kubwibyo, guhindura ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, umuvuduko, umuvuduko wo guterwa nigihe cyo gukonjesha nibindi bintu mugihe cyo kubumba nabyo birashobora guhindura bikwiye kugabanuka kwigice cya plastiki.
Iyo utegura ibishushanyo, ukurikije igabanuka ryurwego rwa plastike zitandukanye, uburebure bwurukuta nuburyo bwigice cya plastiki, imiterere, ingano nogukwirakwiza icyambu cyo kugaburira, igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa buri gice cyigice cya plastiki kigenwa nuburambe, hanyuma ingano ya cavity irabaze.Kubice bya pulasitike bihanitse kandi mugihe bigoye kumenya igipimo cyo kugabanuka, uburyo bukurikira bugomba gukoreshwa mugushushanya ibishushanyo:
① Fata igipimo gito cyo kugabanuka kumurambararo winyuma wibice bya plastiki, nigipimo kinini cyo kugabanuka kumurambararo wimbere, kugirango uve mucyumba cyo gukosorwa nyuma yikigereranyo.
TestIkizamini cyibumba kigena imiterere, ingano nuburyo bwo gushiraho sisitemu yo kwinjira.
Parts Ibice bya pulasitiki bigomba gutunganywa nyuma yo gutunganywa kugirango hamenyekane impinduka zingana (gupima bigomba gukorwa nyuma yamasaha 24 nyuma yo kumanuka).
Kosora ibishushanyo ukurikije kugabanuka kwukuri.
Ongera ugerageze kubumba hanyuma uhindure uburyo bwo guhindura kugirango uhindure gato agaciro kagabanutse kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa mubice bya plastiki.
2. Amazi
2.1 Amazi ya thermoplastique arashobora gusesengurwa mubisanzwe uhereye kumurongo wibipimo nkuburemere bwa molekuline, indangagaciro ya melt, Archimedes spiral uburebure bwikigereranyo, ubwiza bwikigereranyo nigipimo cyurugendo (uburebure bwububiko / uburebure bwurukuta rwa plastike).Uburemere buke bwa molekile, gukwirakwiza uburemere bwa molekuline, imiterere mibi ya molekuline isanzwe, icyerekezo kinini cyo gushonga, uburebure bwa spiral ndende, uburebure bugaragara, hamwe nigipimo kinini, umuvuduko ni mwiza.mu gutera inshinge.Ukurikije ibishushanyo mbonera bisabwa, amazi ya plastiki akunze gukoreshwa arashobora kugabanywa mubice bitatu:
Fluid Amazi meza PA, PE, PS, PP, CA, poly (4) methyl pentylene;
SeriesPolystyrene ikurikirana resin (nka ABS, AS), PMMA, POM, polifhenylene ether hamwe na fluide yo hagati;
PCIbikoresho byiza PC, PVC ikomeye, polifhenylene ether, polysulfone, polyarylsulfone, fluoroplastique.
2.2 Amazi ya plastike atandukanye nayo arahinduka kubera ibintu bitandukanye bibumbabumbwa.Ibintu nyamukuru bigira ingaruka ni ibi bikurikira:
① Ubushyuhe buri hejuru, niko amazi menshi yibintu, ariko plastiki zitandukanye nazo ziratandukanye, PS (cyane cyane irwanya ingaruka kandi agaciro ka MFR), PP, PA, PMMA, polystirene yahinduwe (nka ABS, AS), PC, CA nibindi bintu bya plastike bigenda bitandukana cyane nubushyuhe.Kuri PE, POM, ubushyuhe bwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka ntacyo bihindura kumazi.Kubwibyo, ibyambere bigomba guhindura ubushyuhe kugirango bigenzure amazi mugihe cyo kubumba.
HenIyo umuvuduko w'inshinge wiyongereye, ibikoresho bishongeshejwe bizogosha cyane, kandi n'amazi nayo aziyongera, cyane cyane PE na POM bumva neza, bityo igitutu cyo gutera inshinge kigomba guhinduka kugirango kigenzure amazi mugihe cyo kubumba.
Form Imiterere, ingano, imiterere, igishushanyo cya sisitemu yo gukonjesha, kurwanya imigezi yibintu byashongeshejwe (nko kurangiza hejuru, ubunini bwigice cyambere, imiterere ya cavite, sisitemu yo gusohora) nibindi bintu bigira ingaruka kumyuka yibintu byashongeshejwe mukuzimu.Amazi nyayo imbere, niba ubushyuhe bwibintu byashongeshejwe bugabanutse kandi kurwanya amazi byiyongera, amazi azagabanuka.Mugihe cyo gushushanya, hagomba gutoranywa imiterere ikwiye ukurikije amazi ya plastike yakoreshejwe.Mugihe cyo kubumba, ubushyuhe bwibintu, ubushyuhe bwibumba, umuvuduko watewe inshinge, umuvuduko winshinge nibindi bintu nabyo birashobora kugenzurwa kugirango uhindure neza ibyuzuye kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo.
3. Crystallinity
Thermoplastique irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: plastiki ya kristaline na plastiki itari kristaline (izwi kandi nka amorphous) ukurikije ko nta kristu ihari mugihe cya kondegene.
Ikintu cyitwa kristalisation ni uko iyo plastike ihindutse kuva mumashanyarazi yashizwemo ikajya kuri kondegene, molekile zigenda zigenga, rwose zimeze nabi, kandi molekile zihagarika kugenda mubwisanzure, ukurikije umwanya uhagaze gato, kandi hariho imyumvire. gukora gahunda ya molekulari icyitegererezo gisanzwe.ikintu.
Nkibipimo byo gusuzuma isura yubwoko bubiri bwa plastiki, biterwa nubucucike bwibice bya plastiki bikikijwe cyane bya plastiki.Mubisanzwe, ibikoresho bya kristalline ntibisobanutse cyangwa bisobanutse (nka POM, nibindi), kandi ibikoresho bya amorphous biragaragara (nka PMMA, nibindi).Ariko hariho ibitandukanijwe, nka poly (4) methyl pentylene ni plastiki ya kirisiti ariko ifite umucyo mwinshi, ABS ni ibikoresho bya amorphous ariko ntibigaragara.
Mugihe utegura ifumbire no guhitamo imashini itera inshinge, hagomba kwitonderwa ibi bikurikira hamwe nuburyo bwo kwirinda plastiki ya kirisiti:
HeatUbushyuhe bukenewe kugirango ubushyuhe bwibintu buzamuke kugirango ubushyuhe bugabanuke ni bunini, kandi hagomba gukoreshwa ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bunini bwa plastike.
HeatUbushyuhe bwarekuwe mugihe cyo gukonja ni bunini, bugomba rero gukonjeshwa byuzuye.
Difference Itandukaniro ryihariye rya rukuruzi hagati ya leta yashongeshejwe hamwe na leta ikomeye ni nini, kugabanuka kubumba ni binini, kandi kugabanuka no gutobora imyenge na pore bikunda kubaho.
Gukonjesha vuba, kristu ntoya, kugabanuka gato no gukorera mu mucyo.Crystallinite ifitanye isano nubunini bwurukuta rwigice cya plastiki, uburebure bwurukuta buragenda bukonja buhoro, kristu irahari, kugabanuka ni binini, kandi nibintu bifatika nibyiza.Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bya kristalline bigomba kugenzura ubushyuhe bwububiko nkuko bisabwa.
An Anisotropy ikomeye hamwe nihungabana ryimbere.Nyuma yo kumeneka, molekile zidashyizwe hamwe zikunda gukomeza korohereza kandi ziri muburyo bwo kutaringaniza ingufu, zikunda guhinduka no kurwana.
Temperature Ubushyuhe bwa kirisitiya buragufi, kandi biroroshye gutera ibintu bidashongeshejwe mubibumbano cyangwa guhagarika icyambu.
4. Ubushyuhe bukabije bwa plastiki na plastiki hydrolyzed byoroshye
4. Kuri amabara, gutesha agaciro, no kubora.Ifite iyi miterere.plastiki bita plastiki-yubushyuhe.Nka PVC ikaze, polyvinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate copolymer, POM, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, nibindi. Iyo plastiki yangiza ubushyuhe yangiritse, ibicuruzwa biva muri monomers, gaze, hamwe na solide, cyane cyane imyuka yangirika irakaze, yangiza cyangwa uburozi kumubiri wumuntu, ibikoresho nububiko.Kubwibyo, hagomba kwitonderwa igishushanyo mbonera, guhitamo imashini zitera inshinge.Imashini ibumba inshinge zigomba gutoranywa.Kwambukiranya igice cya sisitemu yo kwinjira bigomba kuba binini.Ibumba na barrale bigomba kuba bikozwe muri chrome, kandi ntihakagombye kubaho inguni.Ongeraho stabilisateur kugirango ugabanye imiterere yubushyuhe.
4.2 Nubwo plastike zimwe na zimwe (nka PC) zirimo amazi make, zirashobora kubora munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi.Uyu mutungo witwa hydrolysis yoroshye, igomba gushyuha no gukama mbere.
5. Shimangira gucika no gushonga kuvunika
5.1 Plastike zimwe zumva guhangayika, kandi zikunda guhangayikishwa nimbere mugihe cyo kubumba kandi zoroshye kandi zoroshye gucika.Ibice bya plastiki bizacika munsi yimbaraga ziva hanze cyangwa solvent.Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, usibye kongeramo inyongeramusaruro ku bikoresho fatizo kugira ngo irusheho kunanirwa, hagomba kwitabwaho gukama ibikoresho fatizo, kandi hagomba gutoranywa uburyo bwo kubumba kugira ngo bigabanye imihangayiko y’imbere kandi byongere imbaraga zo guhangana.Imiterere yuzuye yibice bya pulasitike igomba gutoranywa, kandi ingamba nkizinjizwamo ntizigomba gushyirwaho kugirango hagabanuke imihangayiko.Mugihe cyo gushushanya ibishushanyo, ahantu hahanamye hagomba kongerwa, kandi hagomba guhitamo icyambu cyo kugaburira hamwe nuburyo bwo gusohora.Mugihe cyo kubumba, ubushyuhe bwibintu, ubushyuhe bwububiko, igitutu cyo gutera inshinge nigihe cyo gukonjesha bigomba guhinduka neza kugirango wirinde kumanuka mugihe ibice bya plastiki bikonje cyane kandi byoroshye., Nyuma yo kubumba, ibice bya pulasitiki bigomba no kuvurwa nyuma kugirango birusheho kunanirana, bikureho imihangayiko yimbere kandi bibuza guhura numuti.
5.2. ibice bya plastiki.Kubwibyo, mugihe uhitamo polymers ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo gutemba, nibindi, kwambukiranya igice cya nozzle, kwiruka, hamwe nicyambu cyo kugaburira bigomba kongerwa, umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge ugomba kugabanuka, kandi ubushyuhe bwibintu bugomba kwiyongera.
6. Imikorere yubushyuhe nigipimo cyo gukonja
6.1 Plastiki zitandukanye zifite imiterere yubushyuhe butandukanye nkubushyuhe bwihariye, ubushyuhe bwumuriro nubushyuhe bwo guhindura ubushyuhe.Iyo ushyizemo plastike hamwe nubushyuhe bwihariye, harakenewe ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi hagomba gutoranywa imashini ibumba inshinge ifite ubushobozi bunini bwa plastike.Igihe cyo gukonjesha cya plastiki hamwe nubushyuhe bwo kugoreka ubushyuhe burashobora kuba bugufi kandi kumanuka hakiri kare, ariko guhinduka gukonje bigomba gukumirwa nyuma yo kumanuka.Plastike ifite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro ifite umuvuduko mukonje (nka ionic polymers, nibindi), bityo igomba gukonjeshwa byuzuye, kandi ingaruka zo gukonjesha zigomba gushimangirwa.Ibishushanyo bishyushye birakwiriye kuri plastiki hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwihariye hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi.Plastike ifite ubushyuhe bunini bwihariye, ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro, ubushyuhe buke bwo guhindura ubushyuhe hamwe nigipimo cyo gukonjesha buhoro ntabwo bifasha kubumba byihuse, kandi hagomba gutoranywa imashini zikoreshwa mu gutera inshinge kandi gukonjesha bigomba gushimangirwa.
6.2 Plastike zitandukanye zirasabwa gukomeza igipimo gikonje gikwiye ukurikije ubwoko bwacyo nibiranga ndetse nuburyo imiterere yibice bya plastiki.Kubwibyo, ifumbire igomba gushyirwaho na sisitemu yo gushyushya no gukonjesha ukurikije ibisabwa kugirango ibungabunge ubushyuhe runaka.Iyo ubushyuhe bwibintu bwongereye ubushyuhe bwububiko, bugomba gukonjeshwa kugirango birinde ibice bya pulasitike guhinduka nyuma yo kumanuka, kugabanya ukwezi, no kugabanya kristu.Iyo ubushyuhe bwimyanda ya pulasitike budahagije kugirango ubushyuhe bugumane ubushyuhe runaka, ifumbire igomba kuba ifite uburyo bwo gushyushya kugirango ubushyuhe bugumane ubushyuhe runaka kugirango igabanye ubukonje, itume amazi atemba, atezimbere ibintu byuzuye cyangwa agenzure plastike ibice kugirango bikonje buhoro.Irinde gukonjesha kutaringaniye imbere no hanze yibice bya pulasitike bikikijwe kandi bitezimbere.Kubafite amazi meza, ahantu hanini cyane hamwe nubushyuhe bwibintu bitaringaniye, ukurikije imiterere yibice bya plastiki, gushyushya cyangwa gukonjesha rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa ubundi cyangwa gushyushya no gukonjesha bikoreshwa hamwe.Kubwiyi ntego, ifumbire igomba kuba ifite sisitemu yo gukonjesha cyangwa gushyushya.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Ugushyingo-29-2022
