Na Andy wo mu ruganda rwa Baiyear
Yavuguruwe ku ya 2 Ugushyingo 2022
Hano hari amakuru yamakuru yinganda za Baiyear.Ibikurikira, Baiyear izagabanya uburyo bwo guterwa inshinge mu ngingo nyinshi kugirango tumenye isesengura ryibikoresho fatizo byo guterwa inshinge, kuko hari byinshi birimo.Ibikurikira ni ingingo ya kane.
(8).PP (polypropilene)
1. Imikorere ya PP
PP ni polymer yo hejuru.Muri plastiki zikunze gukoreshwa, PP niyoroheje, ifite ubucucike bwa 0,91g / cm3 gusa (ntoya kuruta amazi).Muri plastiki rusange-intego rusange, PP ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza, ubushyuhe bwayo bwo kugoreka ubushyuhe ni 80-100 and, kandi birashobora gutekwa mumazi abira.PP ifite impungenge nziza zo guhangana nubuzima bwumunaniro mwinshi, bikunze kwitwa "gufunga kole".
Imikorere yuzuye ya PP iruta iy'ibikoresho bya PE.Ibicuruzwa bya PP bifite uburemere bworoshye, gukomera no kurwanya imiti myiza.Ibibi bya PP: uburinganire buke buke, ubukana budahagije, guhangana nikirere kibi, byoroshye kubyara "kwangirika kwumuringa", bifite ikibazo cyo kugabanuka nyuma, kandi nyuma yo kumeneka, biroroshye gusaza, gucika intege, kandi byoroshye guhinduka.PP yabaye ibikoresho fatizo byingenzi byo gukora fibre kubera ubushobozi bwamabara, abrasion hamwe nuburyo bwo kurwanya imiti, hamwe nubukungu bwiza.
PP ni igice cya kirisiti.Birakomeye kandi bifite aho bishonga kuruta PE.Kubera ko homopolymer PP yoroheje cyane kubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 0 ° C, ibikoresho byinshi byubucuruzi bya PP ni kopolymer zidasanzwe hamwe na Ethylene 1 kugeza kuri 4% yongeweho cyangwa pincer copolymers irimo etilene nyinshi.Ubwoko bwa PP bwa kopolymer bufite ubushyuhe buke bwo kugoreka ubushyuhe (100 ° C), gukorera mu mucyo muke, ububengerane buke, gukomera, ariko bifite imbaraga zikomeye.Imbaraga za PP ziyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwa Ethylene.
Ubushyuhe bwa Vicat bwa PP ni 150 ° C.Bitewe nurwego rwo hejuru rwa kristu, ibi bikoresho bifite ubuso bwiza bwo gukomera hamwe nuburyo bwo guhangana.
PP ntabwo ifite ibibazo byo guhagarika ibidukikije.Mubisanzwe, PP ihindurwa hongeweho fibre yibirahure, ibyongeweho ibyuma cyangwa reberi ya termoplastique.Igipimo cyo gutembera MFR ya PP iri hagati ya 1 na 40. Ibikoresho bya PP bifite MFR nkeya bifite imbaraga zo guhangana ningaruka ariko bihindagurika.Kubikoresho bimwe bya MFR, imbaraga zubwoko bwa copolymer zirenze iz'ubwoko bwa homopolymer.
Bitewe no korohereza, kugabanuka kwa PP ni hejuru cyane, muri rusange 1.8 ~ 2.5%.Kandi icyerekezo cyerekezo cyo kugabanuka nibyiza cyane kuruta ibikoresho nka HDPE.Ongeramo 30% byongeweho ibirahure birashobora kugabanya kugabanuka kuri 0.7%.
Ibikoresho byombi bya homopolymer na copolymer PP bifite uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya amazi, aside hamwe na alkali irwanya ruswa, hamwe no kurwanya solubilité.Nyamara, ntabwo irwanya hydrocarubone ya hydrocarubone (nka benzene), hydrocarubone ya chlorine (karubone tetrachloride), nibindi PP nayo ntishobora kurwanya okiside mubushyuhe bwinshi nka PE.
2. Ibikorwa biranga PP
PP ifite amazi meza mugihe cyo gushonga no gukora neza.PP ifite ibintu bibiri biranga mugutunganya:
Imwe: Ubukonje bwa PP gushonga buragabanuka cyane hamwe no kwiyongera kwikigero cyogosha (ntabwo bigira ingaruka kubushyuhe);
Iya kabiri: urwego rwerekezo rwa molekile ni rwinshi kandi igipimo cyo kugabanuka ni kinini.Ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya PP ni 220 ~ 275 ℃.Nibyiza kutarenga 275 ℃.Ifite ubushyuhe bwiza (ubushyuhe bwo kubora ni 310 ℃), ariko ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru (270-300 ℃), bizaguma muri barrale igihe kirekire.Hariho amahirwe yo guteshwa agaciro.Kubera ko ububobere bwa PP bugabanuka cyane hamwe no kongera umuvuduko wogosha, kongera umuvuduko watewe no gutera inshinge bizamura umuvuduko wacyo kandi bitezimbere kugabanuka no kwiheba.Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe (40 ~ 80 ℃), 50 ℃ birasabwa.
Urwego rwo korohereza abantu rugenwa ahanini nubushyuhe bwububiko, bugomba kugenzurwa hagati ya 30-50 ° C.PP gushonga irashobora guca mu cyuho gito cyo gupfa kandi igaragara neza.Mugihe cyo gushonga kwa PP, igomba gukuramo ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo guhuza (ubushyuhe bunini bwihariye), kandi ibicuruzwa birashyuha nyuma yo gusohoka mubibumbano.
Ibikoresho bya PP ntibikenewe gukama mugihe cyo gutunganya, kandi kugabanuka no korohereza kwa PP biri munsi yibya PE.Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge Mubisanzwe umuvuduko mwinshi urashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ugabanye umuvuduko wimbere.Niba hari inenge hejuru yibicuruzwa, noneho hagomba gukoreshwa inshinge zo hasi kumuvuduko mwinshi.Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge: kugeza 1800bar.
Abiruka n'amarembo: Kubiruka bakonje, ibipimo bisanzwe biruka biri hagati ya 4 na 7mm.Birasabwa gukoresha amasoko nabiruka bafite imibiri izengurutse.Ubwoko bwose bwamarembo burashobora gukoreshwa.Irembo risanzwe rya diametre riri hagati ya 1 na 1.5mm, ariko amarembo mato nka 0.7mm nayo arashobora gukoreshwa.Ku marembo yo ku nkombe, ubujyakuzimu ntarengwa bugomba kuba igice cyubugari bwurukuta;ubugari ntarengwa bwirembo bugomba kuba byibuze inshuro ebyiri ubugari bwurukuta, kandi ibikoresho bya PP birashobora gukoresha byimazeyo sisitemu ishyushye.
PP yabaye ibikoresho fatizo byingenzi byo gukora fibre kubera ubushobozi bwamabara, abrasion hamwe nuburyo bwo kurwanya imiti, hamwe nubukungu bwiza.
3. Urutonde rusanzwe rusaba:
Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga (cyane cyane ukoresha PP hamwe ninyongeramusaruro zicyuma: fenders, imiyoboro ihumeka, abafana, nibindi), ibikoresho (ibikoresho byo kumesa ibikoresho byo kumesa, imiyoboro yumuyaga wumuyaga, imashini yo kumesa ikariso hamwe nigifuniko, inzugi za firigo, nibindi), ibicuruzwa byabaguzi burimunsi (ibyatsi) n'ibikoresho byo mu busitani nka nyakatsi n'ibimera, nibindi).
Gutera inshinge nisoko rya kabiri rinini kuri PP homopolymers, harimo kontineri, gufunga, gukoresha amamodoka, ibicuruzwa byo murugo, ibikinisho nibindi byinshi bikoresha abaguzi ninganda.
(9).PA (nylon)
1. Imikorere ya PA
PA kandi ni plastiki ya kirisiti (nylon ni inguni ikomeye cyane cyangwa amata yera ya kristaline).Nka plastiki yubuhanga, uburemere bwa molekile ya nylon muri rusange ni 15.000-30.000, kandi hariho ubwoko bwinshi.Bikunze gukoreshwa nylon 6, nylon 66, na nylon 1010 mugushushanya inshinge, Nylon 610, nibindi.
Nylon ifite ubukana, kwambara irwanya no kwisiga, kandi ibyiza byayo ahanini ni imbaraga za mikoranike nini cyane, gukomera kwiza, kurwanya umunaniro, hejuru neza, ahantu horoheje cyane, kurwanya ubushyuhe, coefficient de fraisement nkeya, kwambara birwanya, kwikuramo amavuta, kwikuramo Kugabanya urusaku, kurwanya amavuta, kurwanya acide nkeya, kurwanya alkali no kurwanya ibishishwa rusange, kubika amashanyarazi neza, kuzimya, kutagira uburozi, impumuro nziza, kurwanya ikirere cyiza.
Ikibi ni uko kwinjiza amazi ari manini, kandi umutungo wo gusiga irangi ni muke, ibyo bigira ingaruka kumiterere no mumashanyarazi.Kongera imbaraga za fibre birashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wamazi kandi bikabasha gukora munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi nubushuhe bwinshi.Nylon ifitanye isano cyane na fibre yikirahure (irashobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire kuri 100 ° C), kurwanya ruswa, uburemere bworoshye no kubumba byoroshye.Ingaruka nyamukuru za PA ni: byoroshye gufata amazi, ibisabwa bya tekiniki bikenewe kugirango bibe inshinge, hamwe nuburinganire buke.Kubera ubushyuhe bunini bwihariye, ibicuruzwa birashyushye.
PA66 nimbaraga zo murwego rwohejuru kandi zikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwa PA.Ikirangantego cyacyo ni kinini, kubwibyo gukomera, gukomera no kurwanya ubushyuhe ni byinshi.PA1010 yashinzwe bwa mbere mu gihugu cyanjye mu 1958, ifite imbaraga zoroheje, zidasanzwe zidasanzwe, ubworoherane bukabije kandi bworoshye, kwinjiza amazi munsi ya PA66, no guhagarara neza.
Muri nylons, nylon 66 ifite ubukana bukabije kandi bukomeye, ariko ubukana bubi.Nylon zitandukanye ziratondekanya gukomera: PA66 ＜ PA66 / 6 ＜ PA6 ＜ PA610 ＜ PA11 ＜ PA12
Umuriro wa nylon ni ULS44-2, indangagaciro ya ogisijeni ni 24-28, ubushyuhe bwangirika bwa nylon ni> 299 and, kandi gutwika bidatinze bizaba kuri 449 ~ 499 ℃.Nylon ifite amazi meza ashonga, kubwibyo urukuta rwibicuruzwa rushobora kuba ruto nka 1mm.
2. Ibiranga inzira ya PA
2.1.PA iroroshye gukuramo ubuhehere, igomba rero gukama neza mbere yo kuyitunganya, kandi ibirimo ubuhehere bigomba kugenzurwa munsi ya 0.3%.Ibikoresho fatizo byumye neza kandi ibicuruzwa birabagirana ni byinshi, bitabaye ibyo bizaba bikaze, kandi PA ntizoroha buhoro buhoro hamwe no kwiyongera kwubushyuhe, ariko izoroshya mubushuhe bugufi bwegereye aho gushonga.Gutemba bibaho (bitandukanye na PS, PE, PP, nibindi).
Ubukonje bwa PA buri hasi cyane kurenza ubundi buryo bwa termoplastike, kandi ubushyuhe bwabwo bwo gushonga buragufi (hafi 5 only).PA ifite amazi meza, byoroshye kuzuza no gukora, kandi byoroshye gukuramo.Nozzle ikunda "salivation", kandi kole igomba kuba nini.
PA ifite aho ishonga cyane kandi ikonje cyane.Ibikoresho bishongeshejwe mubibumbano bizakomera igihe icyo aricyo cyose kuko ubushyuhe bugabanuka munsi yumushonga, bikabuza kurangiza kuzuza.Kubwibyo, inshinge yihuta igomba gukoreshwa (cyane cyane kubice bikikijwe cyane cyangwa ibice bitemba).Ibishushanyo bya Nylon bigomba kugira ingamba zihagije zo gusohora.
Muri leta yashongeshejwe, PA ifite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro kandi biroroshye gutesha agaciro.Ubushyuhe bwa barriel ntibugomba kurenga 300 ° C, kandi igihe cyo gushyushya ibintu byashongeshejwe muri barrale ntigomba kurenza iminota 30.PA ifite ibisabwa byinshi kubushyuhe bwububiko, kandi kristu irashobora kugenzurwa nubushyuhe bwububiko kugirango ibone imikorere isabwa.
Ubushyuhe bwububiko bwibikoresho bya PA nibyiza 50-90 ° C, ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya PA1010 nibyiza 220-240 ° C, naho ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya PA66 ni 270-290 ° C.Ibicuruzwa bya PA rimwe na rimwe bisaba "kuvura annealing" cyangwa "kuvura ubuhehere" ukurikije ibisabwa.
2.2.PA12 Mbere yo gutunganya polyamide 12 cyangwa nylon 12, ubuhehere bugomba kubikwa munsi ya 0.1%.Niba ibikoresho bibitswe byerekanwe n'umwuka, birasabwa gukama mumuyaga ushushe kuri 85C mumasaha 4 ~ 5.Niba ibikoresho bibitswe mu kintu cyumuyaga, birashobora gukoreshwa ako kanya nyuma yamasaha 3 yuburinganire.Ubushyuhe bwo gushonga ni 240 ~ 300C;kubikoresho bisanzwe, ntibigomba kurenga 310C, naho kubikoresho bifite flame retardant, ntibigomba kurenga 270C.
Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe: 30 ~ 40C kubikoresho bidafite ingufu, 80 ~ 90C kubice bikikijwe n'inkuta nini cyangwa ibice binini, na 90 ~ 100C kubikoresho bishimangira.Kongera ubushyuhe bizongera kristu yibikoresho.Kugenzura neza ubushyuhe bwububiko ni ngombwa kuri PA12.Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge: kugeza kuri 1000bar (birasabwa gufata umuvuduko muke hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gushonga).Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge: umuvuduko mwinshi (byiza kubikoresho bifite inyongeramusaruro).
Kwiruka n'irembo: Kubikoresho bidafite inyongeramusaruro, diameter ya kwiruka igomba kuba hafi 30mm kubera ubukonje buke bwibikoresho.Kubikoresho bishimangiwe, birakenewe kwiruka runini diameter ya 5 ~ 8mm.Imiterere ya kwiruka igomba kuba izengurutse.Icyambu cyo gutera inshinge kigomba kuba kigufi gishoboka.
Uburyo butandukanye bwamarembo burashobora gukoreshwa.Ntukoreshe amarembo mato kubice binini bya plastiki, ibi nukwirinda umuvuduko ukabije cyangwa kugabanuka gukabije kubice bya plastiki.Ubunini bw irembo nibyiza bingana nubunini bwigice cya plastiki.Niba ukoresheje irembo ryarengewe, byibuze diameter ya 0.8mm irasabwa.Amashanyarazi ashyushye ashyushye afite akamaro, ariko bisaba kugenzura neza ubushyuhe kugirango wirinde ko ibintu bitemba cyangwa gukomera kuri nozzle.Niba kwiruka bishyushye bikoreshwa, ingano y irembo igomba kuba nto kurenza iyiruka ikonje.
2.3.Niba ibikoresho byatanzwe mubipfunyika bidafite amazi, kontineri igomba guhagarikwa cyane.Niba ubuhehere burenze 0.2%, birasabwa gukama mumuyaga ushyushye hejuru ya 80C mumasaha 16.Niba ibikoresho bimaze guhura n’umwuka mu gihe kirenze amasaha 8, birasabwa gukama vacuum kuri 105C mu gihe kirenze amasaha 8.
Gushonga ubushyuhe: 230 ~ 280C, 250 ~ 280C kumoko ashimangiwe.Ubushyuhe bukabije: 80 ~ 90C.Ubushyuhe bwububiko bugira ingaruka cyane kuri kristu, ibyo nabyo bigira ingaruka kumiterere yibice bya plastiki.Crystallinity ningirakamaro cyane mubice byubatswe, kubwibyo ubushyuhe bwateganijwe ni 80 ~ 90C.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burashobora kandi gusabwa kubice bito cyane, bitunganijwe neza.Kongera ubushyuhe bwububiko birashobora kongera imbaraga no gukomera kwigice cya plastiki, ariko bigabanya ubukana.Niba uburebure bwurukuta burenze 3mm, birasabwa gukoresha ubushyuhe buke bwa 20 ~ 40C.Kubishimangira ibirahure, ubushyuhe bwububiko bugomba kuba burenze 80C.Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge: mubisanzwe hagati ya 750 ~ 1250bar (ukurikije ibikoresho nibishushanyo mbonera).
Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge: umuvuduko mwinshi (munsi gato kubikoresho bishimangira).Abiruka n'amarembo: Bitewe nigihe gito cyo gukomera cya PA6, aho irembo ni ngombwa cyane.Irembo rya diameter ntirigomba kuba munsi ya 0.5 * t (hano t nubunini bwigice cya plastiki).Niba kwiruka bishyushye bikoreshwa, ingano y irembo igomba kuba ntoya ugereranije nabasanzwe biruka, kuko kwiruka bishyushye birashobora gufasha gukumira gukomera kwigihe kitari gito.Niba irembo ryarohamye ryakoreshejwe, diameter ntarengwa y irembo igomba kuba 0,75mm.
2.4.PA66 Polyamide 66 cyangwa Nylon 66 Niba ibikoresho bifunze mbere yo gutunganya, noneho gukama ntabwo ari ngombwa.Ariko, niba ububiko bwabitswe bwarafunguwe, gukama mumuyaga ushushe kuri 85C birasabwa.Niba ubuhehere burenze 0.2%, birakenewe gukama vacuum kuri 105C mumasaha 12.
Ubushyuhe bwo gushonga: 260 ~ 290C.Ibicuruzwa byongeweho ibirahure ni 275 ~ 280C.Gushonga ubushyuhe bigomba kwirindwa hejuru ya 300C.Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe: 80C birasabwa.Ubushyuhe bwububiko buzagira ingaruka kuri kristu, kandi kristalitine izagira ingaruka kumiterere yibicuruzwa.
Kubice bya pulasitike binini cyane, niba hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 40C, kristu yibice bya plastike bizahinduka hamwe nigihe.Kugirango ubungabunge geometrike yibice bya plastiki, birakenewe kuvurwa annealing.Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge: mubisanzwe 750 ~ 1250bar, ukurikije ibikoresho nibicuruzwa.Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge: umuvuduko mwinshi (munsi gato kubikoresho bishimangira).
Abiruka n'amarembo: Kubera ko igihe cyo gukomera cya PA66 ari gito cyane, aho irembo ni ngombwa.Irembo rya diameter ntirigomba kuba munsi ya 0.5 * t (hano t nubunini bwigice cya plastiki).Niba kwiruka bishyushye bikoreshwa, ingano y irembo igomba kuba ntoya ugereranije nabasanzwe biruka, kuko kwiruka bishyushye birashobora gufasha gukumira gukomera kwigihe kitari gito.Niba irembo ryarohamye ryakoreshejwe, diameter ntarengwa y irembo igomba kuba 0,75mm.
3. Urutonde rusanzwe rusaba:
3.1.PA12 Polyamide 12 cyangwa Nylon 12 Ibisabwa: metero y'amazi nibindi bikoresho byubucuruzi, amaboko ya kabili, imashini zikoresha imashini, uburyo bwo kunyerera hamwe n’ibikoresho, nibindi.
3.2.PA6 Polyamide 6 cyangwa Nylon 6 Gushyira mu bikorwa: Ikoreshwa cyane mubice byubatswe kubera imbaraga zayo nziza kandi zikomeye.Kuberako irwanya kwambara neza, ikoreshwa no gukora ibyuma.
3.3.PA66 Polyamide 66 cyangwa Nylon 66 Gusaba: Ugereranije na PA6, PA66 ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byimodoka, amazu yibikoresho nibindi bicuruzwa bisaba guhangana ningaruka nibisabwa imbaraga nyinshi.
Gukomeza, niba ushaka kumenya byinshi, nyamuneka twandikire.Baiyear ni uruganda runini rugizwe ninganda zikora plastike, gutera inshinge no gutunganya ibyuma.Cyangwa urashobora gukomeza kwitondera ikigo cyamakuru cyurubuga rwacu: www.baidasy.com, tuzakomeza kuvugurura amakuru yubumenyi ajyanye ninganda zitunganya inshinge.
Twandikire ： Andy Yang
Porogaramu ni iki: +86 13968705428
Email: Andy@baidasy.com
Igihe cyoherejwe: Ugushyingo-29-2022
