Ibisobanuro:
Ubu bushakashatsi bugamije gusuzuma imigendekere y’ibikoresho bitandukanye bya pulasitiki bifasha ibihingwa bitunganya ibice bya pulasitike mu guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye.Mugukora ibizamini bisanzwe muri laboratoire, twagereranije ibikoresho bisanzwe bya plastiki kandi tunasesengura itandukaniro ryabyo.Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana isano iri hagati yo gutembera kw'ibikoresho fatizo bya pulasitike no gutembera mugihe cyo gutunganya, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku gukora ibice bya pulasitiki bifite imiterere nubunini butandukanye.Iyi ngingo itanga ibisobanuro birambuye byubushakashatsi, ibikoresho nuburyo, ibisubizo byubushakashatsi, hamwe nisesengura, bitanga ibisobanuro byingenzi byo gutoranya ibikoresho no gutunganya neza ibihingwa bitunganya ibice bya plastiki.
1. Intangiriro
Ibihingwa bitunganya plastike akenshi bifashisha ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho fatizo bya plastike mugihe cyo kubyara umusaruro, kandi ibyo bikoresho bigenda neza bigira ingaruka kumiterere yibice bya plastiki byakozwe.Rero, gusuzuma imigendekere yibikoresho fatizo bya plastike ningirakamaro mugutezimbere tekinike yo gutunganya, kunoza umusaruro, no kugabanya ibiciro.Ubu bushakashatsi bugamije gukoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima kugereranya ibiranga ibintu bitandukanye bya plastiki mbisi no gutanga ubuyobozi bwo guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye mugutunganya igice cya plastiki.
2. Igishushanyo mbonera
2.1 Gutegura ibikoresho
Ibikoresho bitatu bisanzwe bya pulasitiki byatoranijwe nkibizamini: polyethylene (PE), polypropilene (PP), na polystirene (PS).Menya neza ko buri cyitegererezo cyaturutse ku isoko imwe kandi kigakomeza ubuziranenge kugira ngo gikureho ibizamini bishobora kubogama bitewe n’ibintu bitandukanye.
2.2 Ibikoresho by'igerageza
- Ikizamini cya Melt Flow Index: Ikoreshwa mugupima igipimo cya Melt Flow Index (MFI) yibikoresho fatizo bya plastiki, ikintu cyingenzi mugusuzuma imigendekere ya plastiki yashongeshejwe.
- Igipimo cyo gupima: Ikoreshwa mugupima neza ubwinshi bwibikoresho fatizo bya plastiki.
- Gushonga Indangantego Yipimisha Barrel: Yifashishijwe mu gupakira ingero ukurikije ibisabwa bisanzwe.
- Gushyushya: Byakoreshejwe mu gushyushya no kubungabunga Ikigereranyo cya Melt Flow Index ku bushyuhe bwifuzwa.
- Igihe: Ikoreshwa mukubara igihe cyo gutembera kwa plastiki yashongeshejwe.
2.3 Uburyo bwo Kugerageza
1. Kata buri cyitegererezo cyibikoresho bya pulasitike mubice bisanzwe bipima hanyuma ubumishe amasaha 24 mubushyuhe bwicyumba kugirango urebe neza ko icyitegererezo kidafite ubushuhe.
2. Shiraho ubushyuhe bwikizamini kandi uremere kuri Melt Flow Index Tester hanyuma ukore ibice bitatu byikizamini kuri buri kintu ukurikije uburyo busanzwe.
3. Shira buri cyitegererezo cyibikoresho fatizo muri Melt Flow Index Yipimisha Barrel hanyuma ushyire mubushuhe bwashyushye kugeza icyitegererezo kimaze gushonga.
4. Kurekura ibiri muri barriel, kwemerera plastiki yashongeshejwe kunyura muburyo bworoshye bwa orifice, hanyuma upime ingano inyura mubibumbano mugihe cyagenwe.
5. Subiramo igeragezwa inshuro eshatu hanyuma ubare impuzandengo ya Melt Flow Index kuri buri cyiciro cyicyitegererezo.
3. Ibisubizo by'igerageza n'isesengura
Nyuma yo gukora ibizamini bitatu, impuzandengo ya Melt Flow Index kuri buri kintu kibisi cya plastiki cyagenwe, kandi ibisubizo nibi bikurikira:
- PE: Impuzandengo yo gushonga ya X g / 10min
- PP: Impuzandengo yo gushonga ya Y g / 10min
- PS: Impuzandengo yo gushonga ya Z g / 10min
Ukurikije ibisubizo byubushakashatsi, biragaragara ko ibikoresho bya plastiki bitandukanye byerekana itandukaniro rikomeye mugutemba.PE yerekana uburyo bwiza bwo kugenda, hamwe nubushakashatsi buringaniye bwa Melt Flow Index, kuburyo bukwiriye kubumba ibice bya pulasitiki bigoye.PP ifite umuvuduko muke, ituma ikorwa mubikorwa byinshi byo gutunganya igice cya plastiki.Ibinyuranye, PS yerekana umuvuduko muke kandi ikwiranye no gukora ibice bito bya plastike ntoya kandi yoroheje.
4. Umwanzuro
Igeragezwa rya laboratoire yibikoresho bya pulasitiki bitemba byatanze amakuru ya Melt Flow Index kubikoresho bitandukanye, hamwe nisesengura ryimiterere yabyo.Ku bimera bitunganyirizwa mu bice bya pulasitiki, guhitamo ibikoresho bibisi bifite akamaro kanini cyane, kuko itandukaniro ryimikorere rigira ingaruka kumiterere yibice bya plastike no gukora neza.Dushingiye ku bisubizo by'igeragezwa, turasaba gushyira imbere ibikoresho fatizo bya PE byo gukora ibice bya pulasitiki bigoye, gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo bya PP kubikenerwa muri rusange, no gutekereza ku bikoresho fatizo bya PS byo kubyara ibice bito bito kandi binini cyane.Binyuze mu guhitamo ibikoresho neza, inganda zitunganya zirashobora guhindura tekinike yumusaruro, kuzamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa, kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro, no kuzamura isoko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-25-2023
